Yes, and they will grow, and produce potatoes. But here's the rub. You don't know what level of blight is present in these potatoes. Blight generally infects all potatoes during the growing season. Year after year it builds up and decreases the productivity of the tubers, alot. Buying laboratory-produced, tissue-cultured, blight-free, certified seed potatoes gives you a blight-free start. After that you can be pretty sure that blight will invade your potatoes.
I would *think* that the potatoes found at the grocery store would not have a very high level of blight.
Another oft-cited concern is that there are anti-sprouting chemicals used to keep the potatoes from growing vines while on the shelf. I don't know if this is not present in organic potatoes. Even if it is present it doesn't last forever and the potatoes will sprout given time. Maybe a good reason to to buy early.